This study was the first in a series of studies that estimated the extent of retailer-level SNAP benefit trafficking. The major findings included large stores having only half the store violation rate that smaller stores had. Additionally, the overall benefit trafficking rate was 13.0% as compared to 1.3% in the latest trafficking rate study.

WIC Dynamics is a study of the impact of participation growth associated with infant formula rebates, new regulatory and legislative requirements, economic factors occurred since 1988.