This study was the first in a series of studies that estimated the extent of retailer-level SNAP benefit trafficking. The major findings included large stores having only half the store violation rate that smaller stores had. Additionally, the overall benefit trafficking rate was 13.0% as compared to 1.3% in the latest trafficking rate study.

Purpose of this report is to manage the Child Nutrition programs effectively, FNS collects and analyzes information from annual State-level management reports.