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Basic page Report Series - Characteristics of SNAP Households

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) provides nutrition assistance to eligible, low-income individuals and households. SNAP is the largest domestic nutrition assistance program administered by the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Food and Nutrition Service.

05/02/2025
Basic page Report Series - Estimates of National SNAP Participation Rates (Trends in SNAP Participation Rates)

We publish national SNAP participation rates, which are estimated percentages of people who are eligible for SNAP who participate in the program. On this page, you can access published reports that go back to 1994. Each report includes national participation and benefit receipt rates for all individuals, households, and certain subgroups. Most reports compare rates across fiscal years to demonstrate recent trends in SNAP participation.

04/21/2025
Basic page Report Series - Estimates of State SNAP Participation Rates (Reaching Those in Need)

We publish SNAP participation rates for each state, which are estimated percentages of all people who are eligible for SNAP who participate in the program. For most years, we also estimate participation rates for “working poor” people, who are eligible people that live in households with income from a job. On this page, you can access published reports that go back to 1994. Each link includes a research brief, and a technical report detailing the methodology used. 

04/18/2025
Resource | Research and Data | Participation Characteristics Characteristics of SNAP Households - FY 22

This report uses SNAP Quality Control data to describe the demographic and economic circumstances of households and individuals who participated in SNAP in fiscal year 2022.
 

06/05/2024
Resource | Research and Data SNAP Quality Control Annual Reports

These SNAP and Food Stamp Program Quality Control annual reports present official quality control error rates and other statistical data derived from SNAP QC reviews conducted for each fiscal year.

05/13/2024
Resource | Research and Data | Demonstrations Evaluation of the USDA Summer EBT Demonstrations: Lessons Learned From More Than a Decade of Research

The Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2023 authorized Summer Electronic Benefits Transfer for Children (Summer EBT) as a permanent federal food assistance entitlement program beginning in summer 2024. Summer EBT has been tested through evaluations of demonstration projects since 2011. With pending implementation of this new program, this is an appropriate time to reflect on what USDA, FNS research has learned through more than a decade of study.

03/12/2024
Resource | Research and Data State Options Report

We periodically surveys state agencies administering SNAP about certain options to determine which options are in use. The results of these surveys have been compiled into the State Options Reports. These reports are not a comprehensive reflection of all policy and administrative options available to states.

10/23/2023
Resource | Research and Data | Benefit Content/Cost Analysis of Robotic Process Automation in SNAP: Three Case Studies

​This study examines the use of robotic process automation technologies by three state agencies—Georgia, New Mexico, and Connecticut—to administer SNAP.

09/20/2023
Resource | Research and Data | Participation Characteristics SNAP Community Characteristics

Review your statewide factsheet for information about SNAP participation, food insecurity, and SNAP's economic impact in your state.

06/23/2023
Resource | Research and Data | Promoting Healthy Eating Evaluation of the FY 2020 Healthy Fluid Milk Incentives Project

This report presents findings from the evaluation of the first Healthy Fluid Milk Incentives project. The project tested take-up of incentives delivered through coupons issued to SNAP participants when they purchased "qualifying fluid milk" with their SNAP benefits at four pilot stores in west Texas.

03/16/2023
Page updated: September 16, 2025